![]() Preceded, accompanied, or followed by a rearrangement of at least part of the cytoskeleton. Almost every form of cellular activation is either Different Ras effectors may have different requirements in this respect, so that the system may decode complex Ca 2 signals.Ĭytoskeletal proteins are responsible for the maintenance of cell shape and for motile functions. If the opposite is the case, the activation of Ras will build during a train of Ca 2 spikes, perhaps reaching a threshold for activation of downstream pathways. The resultant effect on Ras activation must depend on the relative kinetics of the two processes, but it will most likely be pulsatile if the GAPs act more rapidly than the GEFs. Repeated surges of Ca 2 will activate the Ras GEFs and the GAPs in a periodic fashion. Our knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms by which Ca 2 regulates Ras signalling remains incomplete, but there are hints of a machinery that is adapted to the pulsatile nature of the Ca 2 signals evoked by receptor activation. By contrast, CAPRI binds rapidly but transiently and does not appear to sense Ca 2 oscillations. A train of Ca 2 spikes causes it to oscillate on and off the membrane in step with the spikes. ![]() An interesting property of RASAL is that its membrane attachment follows the progress of the Ca 2 signal.
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